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Any member country can trigger Article 4 if leaders identify a threat to their “territorial integrity, political independence or security”.
In action, the article prompts high-level conversations that could result in “some form of joint decision or action on behalf of the Alliance”.
Fellow members are “encouraged to react” to any Article 4 issues brought to their attention.
But unlike Article 5, they are not compelled to respond with a show of force, and responses are more varied.
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